Ch 9 Intro, Concl, Transitions


Intro

• first impression
• sets expectations
• needs to grab attention
• time for positive ethos
  

times of intros --

• id with audience through anecdote
• be direct (this will be about X)
• foreground importance (if appropriate)
• wack claims
• good stories (not so good for short speech)
• analogy
• avoid rhetorical questions
• be careful with humor ("at best a joke delays the "real" speech, and at worst it detracts from the speech" (231))

body first
intro in relation to body
intro quick
PREVIEW THE TOPIC and PROVIDE HOOKS
usually it's good to practice, but that goes against the imprompu speech

Conclusion

• they're expected
• should be put to good use -- recency strategy... close with recap after giving out signs that you're closing
• summarize
• "final appeal"
• DO NOT repeat points and argument.  Sum and wrap up.  Hook back in, and leave audience with those hooks.

I'm somewhat against quotes in the end.  Be careful.  This should be about you.
Do summarize at least insofar as providing hooks back into your main points.

• personal reference
• challenge for audience
• position future vision

again compose after body




Ch 8 The Body

organization provides structure, and structure makes your message accessible.
it's easier to remember something put in order than something coming at you randomly.
good organization helps listeners predict your next point.  they interact with your speech, and become, literally, active listeners.
good flow is also convincing.  if your points proceed naturally, they will add to your ability to persuade

stuart kim and the united way

checklist for id'ing main ideas on 197

eliminate overly similar ideas
keep ideas simple but exhaustive
repetition through parallelism

pick crucial topics
ensure ideas don't argue with each other


primary effect vs. recency effect (first or last point strongest to take advantage of...)

organizational patterns on page 209
what's residues pattern?  (ruling out all alternatives)

support requirements directly related to audience.
you must analyze your audience before your speech
if they're not going to buy in, you'll need more support, natch
shorter generally better


citations
-- tough to do in a speech versus a paper.